Question: What is the difference between Fard Ayn and Fard Kifayah, and is learning the Tajweed of the Quran Fard Ayn?
Answer: Fard Ayn refers to obligations that are mandatory for every individual, while Fard Kifayah refers to obligations that, if fulfilled by some members of the community, suffice for everyone. For example, the funeral prayer (Salat al-Janazah) is Fard Kifayah; if a few people from a village perform it, the obligation is lifted from the entire village.
Learning the Tajweed (proper pronunciation) of the Quran is not considered Fard Ayn, meaning it is not obligatory or mandatory. It is considered a recommended practice. Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) stated that Tajweed is not obligatory. Tajweed is about the beautification of the words, and while it is undoubtedly good and completes the beauty of recitation, not reciting with Tajweed does not make one sinful, as there is no evidence to support such a claim. Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen emphasized that maintaining the correct pronunciation of letters and their movements is important, such as not pronouncing “Ra” as “Lam” or “Dhal” as “Zay,” as these alterations are prohibited.
Sheikh Maqbool Ahmed Salafi (Jeddah Dawah Center)
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