Understanding the Importance of Udhiyah in Islamic Tradition
Benefits from Muntaqaa Ibn Al-Jarood, Chapter: what has come concerning sacrifices, 1st Lesson
بســـم اللــه الرحــمــن الـرحـــيــم
By our Shaykh, the ‘Allaamah, the Sincere Advisor, Abu ‘Abdirrahman Yahya bin ‘Ali Al-Hajoori – may Allaah preserve him
Adh-Dhahayaa📚
Adh-Dhahayaa is the plural of Dhahiyyah, they say so and so is Dhahiyyah and those who are with him Dhahayaa, and there are four dialects:
- Udhiyah: with a dhammah or fatha or kasrah.
- Idhiyah: and the plural is Adhaahiy.
- Dhahiyyah: and the plural is Dhahayaa.
- Udhaa: and the plural is Adhaahaa.
¤ And this is the name the day of Adhaa was given.
Al-Qaadhee said: It was named that because it is sacrificed during Dhuhaa and it is not accepted before the appearance of dawn and it is accepted before the rising of the sun upon the most correct opinion.
Al-Udhiyah: Is from the legislation of Islam.
➡️ And the origin of its legislativeness is the Book and the Sunnah and consensus of the Ummah. Allaah, the Most High, said:
(فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَر)
“Therefore turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only).”
¤ And from the Sunnah a number of hadiths, from them the hadith of this chapter.
➡️ And the Muslims have unanimously agreed upon the Udhiyah being legislated.
➡️ The scholars merely differed concerning specifying its ruling, is it obligatory or recommended.
¤ There is a consensus of the Sahaabah that it is emphasised Sunnah and not obligatory.
And our Shaykh (Yahya) may Allaah preserve him said: it is not obligatory.
➡️ And those that stated its obligation, their proofs are weak like the hadith of Abee Hurairah *(So whoever finds flexibility and does not slaughter the sacrifice)* the hadith is weak it circulates around ‘Abdullah bin ‘Ayyaash and they spoke concerning him, and the most correct opinion is that it is Mawqoof and it being Marfoo’ is weak.
➡️ The time of Al-Udhiyah
It is from Dhuhaa on the day of sacrifice until the sun sets on the third day and it is done during night or day.
916 – Abu Sa’eed Al-Ashajj narrated us, he said Uqbah ya’nee Ibn Khalid narrated to me, on the authority of Ibn Abee ‘Arubah, on the authority of Qataadah, on the authority of Anas, may Allaah be pleased with him, that the Prophet ﷺ sacrificed Kabshayn (two rams) Aqranayn (horned) Amlahayn (white mixed with black).
The chain of the hadith with the author is authentic and it is Agreed upon (Bukhari and Muslim)
Men of the chain
- Abu Saeed Al-Ashajj and he is ‘Abdullah bin Sa’eed.
- ‘Uqbah ya’nee Ibn Khalid As-Sakoonee Al-Koofee, trustworthy.
- On the authority of Ibn Abee ‘Arubah and he is Sa’eed bin Abee ‘Arubah.
- Qataadah Ibn Da’aamah As-Sadoosee (Abu Al-Khattaab).
- On the authority of Anas, may Allaah be pleased with him.
Explanation of the hadith
His statement: Kabshayn, Aqranayn, Amlahayn.
Aqranayn: Meaning each one had two horns in good condition and the horned rams meat has become tough and good
Amlahayn: Meaning it is white and black, and the white is more and the black is around the foot and leg area and the belly and the remainder of its body is white. So whoever it has been made easy for him to get this type of Udhiyah then let him do so to due to the Prophet ﷺ seeking out this type.
Benefit
Al-Adhaahiy is only from the cattle.
➡️ The cattle beasts are three:
- The camel
- The cow
- The sheep/goat
Due to the statement of the most High:
(وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَّعْلُومَاتٍ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُم مِّن بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ)
“and mention the Name of Allah on appointed days (i.e. 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th day of Dhul-Hijjah), over the beast of cattle that He has provided for them (for sacrifice).”
➡️ And the pregnant animals are accepted and likewise those that are not pregnant, and the water buffalo is accepted and the sheep and goats. But the oryx is not accepted nor is the zebra or gazelle or the mix breed between the zebra and the donkey and consensus has been mentioned in that.
➡️ And they differed in Al-Udhiyah a vast differing which is better the camel or the cow or the sheep
➡️ Ibn Qudaamah said: “The most virtuous of Al-Adhaahiy is the Badanah (camel), then the cow, then the sheep, then those who sharing a Badanah, then sharing a cow, using as proof the hadith of Abee Hurairah may Allaah be pleased with him that the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ said: “Whoever takes a bath on the day of Jum’ah the bathing of Janaabah (major impurity) then leaves early (to the masjid) then it is as if he offered a Badanah, and whoever goes in the second hour it is as if he offered a cow, and whoever goes in the third hour it as if he offered a horned ram, and whoever goes in the fourth hour it is as if he offered a chicken, and whoever goes in the fifth hour it is a if he offered a egg, and if the Imam comes out the angels attend to listen to the remembrance.”
➡️ And it could be said the most virtuous Udhiyah is according to what is made easy for a person, ram then the cow.
➡️ And the Badanah is given precedence in the hadiy due to the action of the Prophet ﷺ
➡️ Benefit
The ram is preferred in the Udhiyah.
The camel* is preferred in the hadiy (sacrificial animal for Hajj) due to the action of the Prophet ﷺ
¤ The ram in goats is from any age, and the ram is the male sheep.
➡️ Mentioning the basmalah and takbeer* it has not been transmitted that he mentioned the takbir on other than the Udhiyah.
¤ And mentioning the takbir alone does not suffice from having to say the basmalah.
➡️ In this hadith, is the permissibilty of Al-Udhiyah with more than one animal because the Prophet ﷺ sacrificed two rams.
➡️ And likewise the hadiy, for verily the Prophet ﷺ performed more than a hundred camels for the hadiy and Allaah, the Most High, said:
(فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّه)
“But whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him.”
➡️ The recommendation of the horned one* the scholars said because it’s meat is tough.
➡️ The scholars unanimously agreed on the permissibilty the one which is not horned and they differed concerning the one that has broken horns and Al-Qaadhi ‘Iyyaadh, may Allaah mercy on him, said: “The scholars recommended the horned one over the non horned and the male over the female.”
The second hadith📚
903 – Harun bin Ishaq narrated to us, he said Sufyan narrated to us, on the authority of ‘Abdirrahman bin Al-Qaasim, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Aa’ishah, may Allaah be pleased with her, that the Prophet ﷺ used to slaughter cows on behalf of his wives.
Men in the chain
- Harun Abu Al-Qaasim Al-Hamdani, declared trustworthy by a number of imams.
- Sufyan bin ‘Uyaynah (Abu Muhammad Al-Hilaalee).
- Abdurrahman bin Al-Qaasim bin Muhammad bin Abee Bakr As-Sadeeq, may Allaah be pleased with him, he was trustworthy, from the most knowledgeable of the people of his time and one of the seven jurispuders.
The hadith is authentic Agreed upon
➡️ And in it is that the Prophet ﷺ slaughter the cow on behalf of his wives.
➡️ And what has come in the hadith that its meat is poisonous contains some (nakarah) rejection in it.
And the Prophet Ibrahim ﷺ: offered a fat calf (‘Ijl) to his guests when they came to him. And the meat of the cow is very good expecially the young from them (Ujool).
The cow is the name of the type
The cow (Al-Baqr): It is used for male and female and the (Haa) is for the singular (Al-Baqarah)
And in the detailed explanation it is said the bull is the male and it is that the people of Yemen call Al-Baqr, “Baaqooraa”.
And Allaah knows best.
Transcribed to Arabic and summarised by:
By Hamood Ath-Thawaabi
may Allah reward him with good –
on the 3rd , Muharram, 1440H
Translated by:
Abu ‘Abdillah ‘Omar bin Yahya Al-‘Akawi