بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
السَّــــــــلاَم عَلَيــْـــــــكُم وَرَحْمَــــــــــةُاللهِ وَبَرَكـَـــــــــاتُه
Question: A question was asked regarding an elderly and ill person who, due to necessity, must wear a diaper that is changed periodically. How should such a person perform their prayers, given the state of impurity?
___________________________________۔
وَعَلَيْكُم السَّلَام وَرَحْمَةُ اَللهِ وَبَرَكاتُهُ
Respected Brother,
All actions are judged by intentions, and every person will only have that which he intended.
The conditions of a sick person vary.
If a patient is such that using water poses a risk of death, the failure of a limb, or the development of a harmful disease, then tayammum (dry ablution) is permissible for such a patient. Because Allah the Exalted says:
( ولاتقتلوا انفسكم ان الله كان بكم رحيماً)
(النساء:٤/٢٩)
"And do not kill yourselves. Surely, Allah is Most Merciful to you."
If a patient is unable to move and has no one to provide them with water, tayammum is also permissible for them.
A person who has a wound on his body, or boils and pimples, or a broken limb, or an illness such that the use of water is harmful, and he enters a state of major impurity (janabah), then it is permissible for him to perform tayammum based on the preceding evidence. If it is possible for him to wash the healthy parts of his body, it is obligatory to wash them and perform tayammum for the remaining part.
If a patient is in a place where there is no water and no soil, and no one is present who can bring water or soil, then he should pray as he is, according to his condition. It is not permissible to delay the prayer, because Allah the Exalted says:
(فاتقواالله مااستطعتم)
( التغابن:٦٤/١٦)
"So fear Allah as much as you are able."
If it is not a hardship for the patient, he should use separate, clean clothes for prayer, otherwise, it is excused, and he can pray in the same clothes. This facilitation is inferred from the commands of Allah the Almighty and the sayings of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Water, etc., that exits from the front or back private parts invalidates wudu. If it touches the clothes or body, it is necessary to wash it. If this is a chronic matter, its ruling is that of istihadah (non-menstrual bleeding) and salas al-bawl (urinary incontinence). Meaning, just as a woman is commanded to perform wudu for every prayer after cleaning herself (istinja), the Prophet ﷺ said to the woman with istihadah:
توضئي لوقتِ كل صلاة [رواه أبو داؤد كتاب الطهارة] )
“Perform wudu at the time of every prayer.”
If your maternal grandfather is unable to use water, have him perform tayammum. If he cannot control his urination, let the diaper remain, and your grandfather should pray in that state.
This is also the ruling for a patient with leucorrhoea; she should perform wudu for the prayer and then pray. Even if her leucorrhoea continues during the prayer, her wudu will remain valid because she is compelled. As for her clothes, she should also make good arrangements for them, just as she does during the days of menstruation, and then perform the prayer. The noble Prophet ﷺ gave the same command to the patient with istihadah:
دَعِي قَدْرَ تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامِ وَاللَّيَالِي الَّتِي كُنْتِ تَحِيضِينَ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ اغْتَسِلِي وَاسْتَثْفِرِي وَصَلِّي
"Leave (prayer and fasting) for the measure of those days and nights in which you used to menstruate, then take a bath, tie a cloth, and pray."
Sunan An-Nasa’i: 354
This is also the ruling for patients with salas al-bawl (urinary incontinence). They should tie a urine bag or cloth, etc., for the continuous urine or leucorrhoea, perform wudu, and then offer their prayer.
Therefore, the same ruling applies to your maternal grandfather; he should pray with the diaper on after performing wudu. As a precaution, ensure that urine does not leak from the diaper. You are advised to change the diaper three times a day instead of two.
May Allah Ta’ala grant your maternal grandfather a complete recovery, may Allah Ta’ala turn his difficulties into ease, and may He keep his shadow over all of you for a long time. Ameen, thumma Ameen.
وَبِاللّٰہِ التَّوْفِیْقُ
ھٰذٙا مٙا عِنْدِی وٙاللہُ تٙعٙالیٰ اٙعْلٙمْ بِالصّٙوٙاب
وَالسَّــــــــلاَم عَلَيــْـــــــكُم وَرَحْمَــــــــــةُاللهِ وَبَرَكـَـــــــــاتُه
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