What has come concerning Chapter of Hijrah, 1st and 2nd Lesson | Benefits from Muntaqaa Ibn Al-Jarood
بســـم اللــه الرحــمــن الـرحـــيــم
Shaykh, the ‘Allaamah, the Sincere Advisor, Abu ‘Abdirrahman Yahya bin ‘Ali Al-Hajoori – may Allaah preserve him –
Chapter: Hijrah
Introduction
The Virtues of Hijrah
The Types of Hijrah
The Divisions of Hijrah
This is a tremendous chapter. Compiling a book on this subject is suitable in these times in which the different ways and means of hijrah have increased in difficulty. Hijrah should be done out of one’s free will, not by force.
Hijrah has tremendous virtues, and the people of knowledge have informed that it originates from the word hajr (seperation/desertion).
Ibn Mandhur said in “Lisaan Al-Arab”: Al-Hajr is the opposite of wasl (connection). هجره – يهجره هجرا. The past tense of it: hajarahu (هجره): meaning he separated/left (something). The present tense yahjuruhu (يهجره): meaning he is separating/leaving (something). And the masdar or root of this word hajr (هجر) and hijraan (هجران) meaning separation/leaving. It is said: “hajarahu” (هجره) meaning: “saramahu” (صرمه): he deserted and left something). The dual form: humaa yahtajiraani (هما يهتجران) meaning they (the two of them) are separating or yatahaajaraani (يتهاجران ) meaning they (the two of them are deserting one another). And the ism/ noun) is hijrah (هجرة): migration.
Its definition in the legislation:
Ibn Qudaamah said: “Hijrah is to leave from the land of kufr (disbelief) to the land of Islaam. Or to leave from a country of intense bid’ah (innovation) to a country of the sunnah. And the proof for that is Allaah the Most High’s saying:
{إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلآئِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُواْ فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُواْ كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الأَرْضِ قَالْوَاْ أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُواْ فِيهَا}
"As for those whose souls the angels take in a state of having earned Allaah's anger, the angels will say to them: 'In what condition were you?' They will say: We were weakened (by the great numbers and strength of the people of shirk) in our land.' They will reply: 'Was not Allaah's earth spacious so that you could make hijrah (migrate) therein?”[An-Nisaa, 99-97]
And Ar-Raaghib said in Mufradaat al-Qur’an: “Hajr and hijraan is a person’s seperating from another person. To separate from a person or a country. To seperate from them with the tongue or the heart.”
And for the hajr/separation of the body, the proof that he used is Allaah’s saying
و اهجروهن في المضاجع
Then make hijrah from them (leave them alone) in bed.[ An-Nisa:34]
Staying away from them (in bed) meaning seperation of the body. And the proof he used for hijrah with the tongue is Allaah’s saying:
وَقَالَ الرَّسُولُ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ قَوْمِي اتَّخَذُوا هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ مَهْجُورًا
And [on that Day] the Messenger will say: “O my Lord! Verily, [some of] my people have come to regard this Qur’an as something [that ought to be] mahjuraa (deserted)!” . [Al-Furqan, Verse 30]
Meaning they have not read it, nor did they implement it, and this is the hajr/abandonment of the heart and the tongue, and this is regarding the mushrikun (polytheists), those who left the Qur’aan knowingly because he (ﷺ) complained from the Mushrikeen of his people.
And it carries the three meanings: hijrah with the heart, the tongue, and the actions. Allaah The Most High says:
وَاصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَاهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْرًا جَمِيلًا
And be patient (O Muhammad ﷺ) with what they say, and make hijrah (keep away) from them in a good way. [Al-Muzzammil, 10]
And The Most High says:
{وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا}
Make hijrah (Depart) from me a long while!
[Surah Maryam, Verse 46]
Meaning leave me. And Allaah the Most High also says:
{وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ}
And make hijrah (keep away) from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! [Surah Al-Muddathir, Verse 5]
(Meaning) a complete hajr (turning away) in all aspects.
In brief, Hijrah is: desertion and abandonment. Allaah says:
{إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا}
"Verily! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory for them), they (angels) say (to them): "In what (condition) were you?" They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on earth." They (angels) say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to make hijrah(emigrate) therein?" Such men will find their abode in Hell - What an evil destination!" [Surah An-Nisa, Verse 97]
This is the meaning of Hijrah linguistically and technically.
The Virtues of Hijrah
Its virtues are tremendous. From them is that Allaah has honored a number of Prophets with it. Allaah The Exalted said about His Prophet Ibrahim عليه السلام:
﴿وَقَالَ إِنِّى ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى رَبِّى سَيَهْدِينِ – رَبِّ هَبْ لِى مِنَ الصَّـلِحِينِ – فَبَشَّرْنَـهُ بِغُلَـمٍ حَلِيمٍ ﴾
(99. And he said: “Verily, I am going to my Lord. He will guide me!” (100. “My Lord! Grant me (offspring) from the righteous.”) [As-Saafaat:99-100]
And likewise the prophet of Allaah, Yunus عليه السلام migrated. The Most High said:
﴿وَذَا النُّونِ إِذ ذَّهَبَ مُغَاضِبًا فَظَنَّ أَن لَّن نَّقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ فَنَادَىٰ فِي الظُّلُمَاتِ أَن لَّا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾
“And Yunus, when he went away in anger, and imagined that We shall not punish him! But he cried through the darknesses (Zulumat) (saying): “There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of the Zalimin wrongdoers.”) (88. So We answered his call, and delivered him from the distress. And thus We do deliver the believers.)” [Surah Al-Anbiya, Verse 87]
And likewise the prophet of Allaah, Musa عليه السلام Allaah says:
﴿وَجَآءَ رَجُلٌ مِّنْ أَقْصَى الْمَدِينَةِ يَسْعَى قَالَ يمُوسَى إِنَّ الْمَلاّ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلُوكَ فَاخْرُجْ إِنِّى لَكَ مِنَ النَّـصِحِينَ. فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا خَآئِفاً يَتَرَقَّبُ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِى مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّـلِمِينَ ﴾
(20. "And there came a man running, from the farthest end of the city. He said: "O Musa! Verily, the chiefs are taking counsel together about you, to kill you, so escape. Truly, I am one of the good advisers to you.'' (21. So he escaped from there, looking about in a state of fear. He said: "My Lord! Save me from the people who are wrongdoers!'')
[Al-Qasas: 20-21]
He (Musa عليه السلام) left Egypt and went to Madyan and afterwards returned victorious.
And likewise the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ and his companion, Abu Bakr As- Sideeq, رضي الله عنه made hijrah to Madeenah. Allaah The Most High says:
﴿إِلاَّ تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِى الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لاَ تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا فَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ السُّفْلَى وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِىَ الْعُلْيَا وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ﴾
(40. “If you help him (Muhammad ) not (it does not matter), for Allah did indeed help him when the disbelievers drove him out, the second of the two; when they were both in the cave, he said to his companion: “Be not sad (or afraid), surely, Allah is with us.” Then Allah sent down His Sakinah (calmness, tranquillity, peace) upon him, and strengthened him with forces (angels) which you saw not, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowermost, while the Word of Allah that became the uppermost; and Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.)” [At-Tawbah:40]
They took him out (of Makkah) and harmed him, and they did not accept the religion of Allaah. Instead they wanted to kill him while he was in Makkah, although it was the most beloved of places to Allaah and His Messenger ﷺ
And likewise the companions of the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ migrated to Habasha (Ethiopia)- for the first Hijrah- a country where they were able to worship Allaah in peace, and there they were honored with the utmost honor. And in the hadeeth (it states):
إن فيها ملك لا يظلم فيها أحدا
” Verily there is therein a King in whos presence no one is oppressed.”
And news reached them that the Mushrikeen (polytheists) of Quraysh had accepted Islam in a very well known story, and so they returned (to Makkah) and found that the Mushriks were still upon their disbelief, and so they made hijrah a second time. And they harmed those who made hijrah and turned away from them. The rest (of the Muslims) were in the midst of their enemies, in a weak state.
And from the virtues of Hijrah is his saying ﷺ:
لَوْلا الْهِجْرَةُ لَكُنْتُ امْرَأً مِنْ الأَنْصَارِ
“…Were it not for hijrah I would have been a man from the Ansaar.” It was reported by Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه that:
… قَالَ أَبُو القَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَوْ أَنَّ الأَنْصَارَ سَلَكُوا وَادِيًا ، أَوْ شِعْبًا ، لَسَلَكْتُ فِي وَادِي الأَنْصَارِ ، وَلَوْلاَ الهِجْرَةُ لَكُنْتُ امْرَأً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ…”
Abul-Qaasim (the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ
said: “If the Ansar took their way through a valley or a mountain pass, I would take Ansar’s valley. And were it not for the migration, I would have been one of the Ansar.”[Bukhaari 3603]
And on the authority of Abdullah bin Zaid that when the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) conquered Hunain he divided the war booty and gave to those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Islam). So it reached him that the Ansaar also wanted what the people received (of war booty, so they seemed to have felt angry and sad as they did not get the same as other people had got). The Prophet (ﷺ) then delivered a sermon before them, saying, “O, the assembly of Ansar! Didn’t I find you astray, and then Allah guided you on the Right Path through me? You were divided into groups, and Allah brought you together through me; you were poor and Allah made you rich through me.” and they (the Ansar) said: Allah and His Messenger are most benevolent. He (again) said: Why do you not answer me? They said: Allah and His Messenger are the most benevolent. He said, “If you wish you could say: ‘You came to us in such-and-such state (at Medina).’, and the event (should take) such and such course (and in this connection he made a mention) of so many things. ‘Amr is under the impression that he has not been able to remember them. He (the Prophet ﷺ) further said: Wouldn’t you be pleased to see the people go away with sheep and camels while you go with the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) to your homes? The Ansar are inner garments (more close to me) and (other) people are outer garments. And were it not for the hijrah (migration), I would have been one of the Ansar, and if the people took their way through a valley or mountain pass, I would select the valley or mountain pass of the Ansar. And you would soon find after me preferences (over you in getting material benefits). So you should show patience till you meet me at the Haud (Kauthar).” [Sahih Muslim 1061]
So it has been gathered for our Prophet (ﷺ) between Prophethood, hijrah, jihaad, and Shahaadah (martyrdom).
Al-Haafidh said: “A person’s ascription to something occurs on different angles. From it is (ascription) by birth, country, belief، and industry. And there is no doubt that his intent (in the hadeeth) was not to move away from the lineage of his father because that’s definitely prohibited. As for the (ascription) through one’s belief, then there’s no mention of changing of one’s belief (in the hadeeth). So there does not remain except for the last two divisions. And Madeenah was the home of the Ansaar, and hijrah to it is an obligatory matter. Meaning, was it not for the fact that my affiliation to hijrah (I am a Muhajir) does not permit me to leave it, I would have ascribed myself to your homeland.
And Al-Qurtubi said that it means: I would have named myself with your names, and I would have associated myself with you all as they used to attach themselves to oaths.
However, the exclusiveness of Hijrah and its upbringing has preceded, so I have been prevented from that. And it (hijrah) is the highest and noblest so nothing can be exchanged in its place. This is the meaning of: “Were it not for the hijrah I would have been a man from the ansaar.”
2. The reward of the Muhajir/emigrant is upon Allaah.
Saeed bin Jubayr reported that a man from the Khuzaa’ah (tribe) got sick while in Makah, and he is Damrah bin Al- ‘Ees bin Damrah bin Zanbaa’ so his family was called, so they spread out for him on a bed, carried and departed with him, heading towards Medina. When they reached Tan’im he died, and so Allaah sent down the aayah:
{وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ}
And whoever goes forth from his house flying to Allah and His Messenger, and then death overtakes him, his reward is indeed with Allah [An-Nisa,100]
This is a promise from Allaah. Allaah does not break His promise. So the Muhaajir (the one who makes hijrah) is in Khayr (goodness) which his enemy dislikes for him. And he is in affluence and great wealth with regards to his religion, his children, his provision, and other than that. So the reward of the Muhaajir is upon Allaah.
And in the chapter of the one who killed 99 people and wanted to repent, as found in his story, he made hijrah to a good country, and the angel of death came to him while he was on his way, so the angels of mercy took him because he was closer to the country of Khayr (goodness).
Ibn Battaal said (regarding the story of the man who killed 99): “In it is evidence that the one who starts to perform an act (of obedience), and his niyyah (intention) was correct, and for the sake of Allaah, and then death came between him and his completing his action, then there’s a strong hope that Allaah will write him down from amongst the people of that action in the hereafter and accept it from him”.
3. Hijrah destroys sins
It was reported that Amr bin ‘Aas said:
“I went to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said, ‘Extend your right hand, so that I pledge allegiance to you.’ He (ﷺ) stretched out his right hand, but I withdrew my hand. He said, ‘What is the matter, ‘Amr?’ I said, ‘I wish to lay down some conditions.’ He asked, ‘What conditions do you wish to put forward?’ I replied, ‘To be granted forgiveness.’ He said, ‘Do you not know that (embracing) Islam wipes out all that has gone before it (previous misdeeds). Verily, emigration wipes out all the previous sins, and the Hajj (pilgrimage) wipes out all the previous sins.'” [Muslim 711]
4. Hijrah expiates the major sins
It is narrated on the authority of Jabir that Tufail bin Amr al-Dausi came to the Messenger (ﷺ) and said: “O Messenger of Allaah, do you need strong, fortified protection? He said: “The tribe of Daus had a fort in the pre-Islamic days.” And so The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) declined this offer, since it (the privilege of protecting the Prophet) had already been reserved for the Ansar. When the Messenger (ﷺ) migrated to Medina, Tufail ibn Amr also migrated to that place, and there also migrated along with him a man of his tribe. But the climate of Medina did not suit him, and he fell sick. He felt very uneasy. So he took hold of an iron head of an arrow and cut his finger-joints. The blood streamed forth from his hands, till he died. Tufail ibn Amr saw him in a dream. His state was good and he saw him with his hands wrapped. He (Tufail) said to him: What treatment did your Lord accord to you? He replied. Allah granted me pardon for my migration to the Messenger (ﷺ): He (Tufail) again said: What is this that I see you wrapping up your hands? He replied: I was told (by Allah): We would not set right anything of yours which you damaged yourself. Tufail narrated this (dream) to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Upon this he prayed: O Allah I grant pardon even to his hands.” [Sahih Muslim 116]
5. Hijrah is the Best of Eemaan
Amr ibn ‘Absah reported: A man said, “O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?” The Prophet, (ﷺ) said:
أَنْ يُسْلِمَ قَلْبُكَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَأَنْ يَسْلَمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِكَ وَيَدِكَ
“That you surrender your heart to Allah and that Muslims are safe from your tongue and hand.” He said: “What is the best of Islaam”? He (ﷺ) said: “Faith.” He said what is Faith? He (ﷺ) said: “To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His Messengers, and the resurrection after death. He said: what is the best of Eemaan? He (ﷺ) said hijrah. He said what is hijrah? He (ﷺ) said: “To leave sins behind.” He said what is the best of Hijrah? He (ﷺ) said “Jihaad.” He said what is jihaad? He (ﷺ) said: “that you fight the Kuffar when you meet them.” He said what is the best of jihaad. He (ﷺ) said: “The one whose horse is slain and his blood is spilled.” The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) said: “There are two actions which are the best of actions, except for the one who does similar: they are the accepted Hajj or umrah.” [Ahmad]
6. Hijrah is from the five matters that the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) commanded with
Zaid bin Salaam reported on the authority of his grandfather Mamdhur that a man from the companions of the prophet (ﷺ) said I see that it’s Aba Maalik Al-Asharee said, the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) said: “And I command you with five, I command you with Listening and obeying, Jihad, Hijrah, and the Jama’ah.” For indeed whoever parts from the Jama’ah the measure of a hand-span, then he has cast off the yoke of Islam from his neck, unless he returns. And whoever calls with the call of Jahiliyyah then he is from the coals of Hell.” A man said: “O Messenger of Allah! Even if he performs Salat and fasts?” So he (ﷺ) said: “Even if he performs Salat and fasts. So call with the call that Allah named you with: Muslims, believers, worshipers of Allah.” [Saheeh al-Musnad]
7.The one who made hijrah is given preference in being an imaam at the congregational prayer if both parties are equal in (their knowledge of) Quran
Aws bin Dam’aj said I heard Aba Mas’ud say: The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) told us: “The one of you who is most versed in the Books of Allah should act as imam for the people; and the one who is the earliest of them in reciting (the Qur’an); if they are equally versed in reciting it, then the earliest of them to emigrate (to Medina); if they emigrated at the same time, then the oldest of them. No man must lead another in prayer in his house (i.e. in the house of a latter) or where the latter has authority, or sit in his place of honor without his permission.”
The author of “‘Aun al-Ma’bud” said: ”This is general to the one who made hijrah first, whether this was in the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ) or after him, like the one who makes hijrah from the land of kufr (disbelief) to the land of Islaam.”
8. Hijrah is an action which nothing else compares to
It was narrated from Kathir bin Murrah that Abu Fatimah told him that he said:
“O Messenger of Allah, tell me of an action that I may do and persist in it.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: “You should emigrate, for there is nothing like it.”
Al Manaawi said: “(This) means adhere to moving from the lands of disbelief to the lands of Eemaan (faith).”
And ad-Daylami said: “The (Prophet’s) intent is hijrah from what Allaah has prohibited.”
9. The Muhaajir has a right from Allah to be admitted into the Jannah
It was narrated that Sabrah bin Abi Fakih said:
“I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘The Shaitan sits in the paths of the son of Adam. He sits waiting for him, in the path to Islam, and he says: Will you accept Islam, and leave your religion, and the religion of your forefathers? But he disobeys him and accepts Islam. Then he sits waiting for him, on the path to emigration, and he says: Will you emigrate and leave behind your land and sky? The one who emigrates is like a horse tethered to a peg. But he disobeys him and emigrates.
Then he sits, waiting for him, on the path to Jihad, and he says: Will you fight in Jihad when it will cost you your life and your wealth? You will fight and be killed, and your wife will remarry, and your wealth will be divided. But he disobeys him and fights in Jihad.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Whoever does that, then he has a right from Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, that He will admit him to paradise. Whoever is killed, he has a right from Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, that He will admit him to Paradise. If he is drowned, he has a right from Allah that He will admit him to paradise, or whoever is thrown by his mount and his neck is broken, he has a right from Allah that he will admit him to Paradise.’
10. The Muhaajir is given the glad tidings of Having a House in the middle of jannah
It was narrated from ‘Amr bin Malik Al-Janbi that he heard Fadalah bin ‘Ubaid say:
“I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘I am a Za’im – and the Za’im is the guarantor – for the one who believes in me and accepts Islam, and emigrates: A house on the outskirts of Paradise and a house in the middle of Paradise. And I am a guarantor, for the one who believes in me and accepts Islam, and strives in the cause of Allah: A house on the outskirts of Paradise and a house in the middle of Paradise and a house in the highest chambers of Paradise. Whoever does that and seeks goodness wherever it is, and avoids evil wherever it is, may die wherever he wants to die.” An authentic hadeeth
11. The Muhaajir is from the first group to enter jannah
Abdullah bin ‘Amr radiyallahu anhu reported that the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) said to me: Do you know the first group to enter the Jannah from my Ummah? He said Allaah and His Messenger know best. So he (ﷺ)said: “The Muhajirun will come on the day of judgement to the door of jannah, and they will seek for it to he opened. So the custodian will say to them: ‘have you already been reckoned/taken to account?’ And so they will say: “What will we be brought to account for? Our swords were only on our shoulders in the path of Allaah until we died upon that. He said: ‘So it will be opened for them and they will rest in it for forty years before the people enter it.” This hadeeth is Saheeh based on the condition of Bukhaaree and it has been authenticated by Al-Haakim.
12. Prohibition of Nomadism After Hijrah
It was narrated that ‘Abdullah said:
“The one who consumes Riba, the one who pays it, and the one who writes it down, if they know that it is Riba; the woman who does tattoos and the woman who has that done for the purpose of beautification; the one who withholds Sadaqah (Zakah); and the one who reverts to the life of a Bedouin after having emigrated- they will (all) be cursed upon the tongue of Muhammad [(ﷺ)] on the Day of Resurrection.” A sound hadeeth
This is just a glimpse of what Allaah has distinguished his Prophets and righteous slaves with by way of hijrah. And it is from the trials, and it is general and unceasing. And hijrah will not be cut off until tawbah is cut off, and tawbah will not be cut off until the sun rises from its west.
Hijrah is of Different types
Ibn Al-Arabi, Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Abdillah bin Al-Arabi, the author of “Ahkaam Al-Quraan” said: “Hijrah is of different types:
1. Al-Hijrah: It is to leave from Daarul Harb to a Muslim land, and it was obligatory during the time of the Prophet (ﷺ), and this hijrah remains as an obligation until the day of judgement. And the one (the hijrah) that was discontinued by the Fath (opening of Makkah) is traveling to the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) where he was. So if he remains in Daarul harb then he is disobedient, and his situation differs.
2. Leaving the country of bid’ah (innovation)
Meaning leaving a country of intense bidah. Ibn Al-Qaasim said:
“I heard Malik say it is not permissible for anyone to remain in a land in which the salaf (pious predecessors) are insulted in.” Ibn Al-‘Arabi said: “And this is correct because if evil cannot be changed then one should stay away from it. Allaah the Most High said:
وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الَّذِينَ يَخُوضُونَ فِي آيَاتِنَا فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُوا فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيْرِهِ وَإِمَّا يُنسِيَنَّكَ الشَّيْطَانُ فَلَا تَقْعُدْ بَعْدَ الذِّكْرَىٰ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
"And when you (Muhammad ﷺ) see those who engage in a false conversation about Our Verses (of the Quran) by mocking at them, stay away from them till they turn to another topic. And if Shaitan (Satan) causes you to forget, then after the remembrance do not sit in the company of those people who are the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers, etc.) [Surah Al-Anaam, Verse 68]
3. Leaving a country in which the haraam (impermissible) is dominant because it is obligatory for every Muslim to seek the halaal (permissible).
4. Fleeing from harm to the body: and that is a grace from Allaah which He has made an excuse for. So if one fears for himself, then Allaah has made it permissible for him to leave and flee from it so that he will be protected from that harm. And the first to do that was Ibrahim عليه السلام because when he feared from his people he said: “I am making hijrah to my Lord.” [Ankabut].
And he (Ibrahim عليه السلام) said: I am going to My Lord, He will guide me”. [Saafaat,99] And He ( Allaah تعالى said) informing about Musa عليه السلام: “So he left from there fearing” ( Qasas)
5. Fearing from sickness in a country which is unclean, and exiting from there and going to a healthy country instead And it has been permitted for the caretakers to leave when they became unhealthy, to go out to masrah and they remain there until they become better. And the exception that has been made to this is leaving (a country in which there is) a plague. Allaah has prevented His Messenger ﷺ in an authentic hadeeth, and we have already explained it in Baqarah that our scholars have said it is disliked.
6.Fleeing because of fearing from harm in one’s wealth for indeed the sanctity of a Muslim’s wealth is like the sanctity of his blood, and the family is similar to it, and more reiterated.
Ibn Qudaamah رحمه الله said: “There are three types of people when it comes to hijrah:
The first is the one who hijrah is obligatory upon, and this is the one who’s able to perform it, and is unable to manifest or establish the obligatory aspects of his religion, in addition to his residing among the Kuffar (disbelievers). So for this person, hijrah is obligatory upon him because of the saying of Allaah { إن الذين توفاهم الملائكة ظالمي أنفسهم قالوا فيم كنتم قالوا كنا مستضعفين في الأرض قالوا ألم تكن أرض الله واسعة فتهاجروا فيها فأولئك مأواهم جهنم وساءت مصيرا }
Verily! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory for them), they (angels) say (to them): "In what (condition) were you?" They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on earth." They (angels) say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to emigrate therein?" Such men will find their abode in Hell - What an evil destination!
(Surah An-Nisa, Verse 97)
And this is a severe threat which shows obligation. And because performing the obligatory duties of the religion is an obligation for the one who is able to perform it, and hijrah is from the necessary obligations and its completion, and that which the obligatory duty cannot be performed except by way of it is in itself obligatory.
The second is the one who hijrah is not upon him. And this is the one who is incapable of performing it, either because of sickness or being forced to stay, or weakness, from amongst the women and children, and those similar to them. So for this one there’s no hijrah upon him due to the saying of Allaah:
{ إلا المستضعفين من الرجال والنساء والولدان لا يستطيعون حيلة ولا يهتدون سبيلا فأولئك عسى الله أن يعفو عنهم وكان الله عفوا غفورا }
"Except the weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way. For these Allah will certainly forgive them, and Allah is Ever Oft Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving." [Nisaa 98-99].
And it was not said about these people that hijrah was recommended for them because they are incapable of performing it.
And the third is the one who hijrah is recommended for, and not obligatory upon. And this is the one who is able to perform hijrah, however they’re able to openly establish their religion in the disbelieving countries. So for this person it is recommended so that they will be able to strive against them, increase the Muslims in number, aiding them, and free themselves from increasing the Kuffar in number, mixing with them, and seeing and witnessing evil from them.
And it is not obligatory upon them because of their ability to establish the obligatory duties of their religion without having to perform hijrah. And ‘Abbas, the paternal uncle of the prophet ﷺ, stayed back in Makkah as a Muslim (among the Mushrikeen).
Transcribed to Arabic and summarised by:
By Hamood Ath-Thawaabi.
Translated by:
Umm Yusuf bint Abi Bakr